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| DigitsThe symbols used to represent a number are called digits. The name "digit" comes from the fact that the ten digits (Latin digiti meaning fingers) of the hands correspond to the ten symbols of the common base 10 numeral system, i.e. the decimal digits.
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| NumeralA group of digits denoting a number is called a numeral. For example, 456, 73456, 3487 etc.
Single digit number: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Two digits number: 10, 11, 12, .................99 Three digits number: 100, 101, 102, ............999 Four digits number: 1001, 1002, 1003, ..........9999 Five digits number: 10001, 10002, ..............99999 Greatest single digit number + 1 = smallest 2-digit number Greatest 2-digit number + 1 = smallest 3-digit number Greatest 3-digit number + 1 = smallest 4-digit number Greatest 4-digit number + 1 = smallest 5-digit number Greatest 5-digit number + 1 = smallest 6-digit number | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NotationThe method of representing a number in digits or figures is called notation. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NumerationThe method of expressing a number in words is called numeration. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SuccessorThe number which comes immediately after a particular number is called its successor.
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| PredecessorThe number which comes just before a particular number is called its predecessor.
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Comparing Numbers
We often need to compare the two or more numbers. For comparing numbers we use term equal to, greater than, smaller than, smallest and greatest.
(i) The greater the number of digits, the greater is the number. If two numbers have unequal number of digits, then the number with the greater number of digits is greater.
Note: The above rules may not be true for decimals and negative numbers.
(ii) If two numbers have equal number of digits then, the number with greater valued digit on the extreme left is greater. (iii) If two numbers have equal number of digits and extreme left digits are same then the digits to the right of the extreme left digits are compared and so on. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greatest and Smallest
Find the greatest and smallest numbers from the following
99, 8, 8621, 7989, 639
Compare the numbers, Here only 8 is a single digit number. Therefore, smallest number is 8. Now for greatest number, 8621 and 7989 are four digits numbers. Compare thousands place value. 8621 > 7989 Therefore, greatest number is 8621. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ascending order
The arrangement from the smallest to the greatest is called ascending order. In other words arrangement in increasing order is called ascending order. For example,
Arrange the following number in ascending order :
8721, 235, 5678, 682 235, 682, 5678, 8721 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Descending order
The arrangement from the greatest to the smallest is called descending order. In other words arrangement in decreasing order is called descending order.
Arrange the following number in descending order :
8721, 235, 5678, 682 235, 682, 5678, 8721 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rearrangement of digits
Using 5, 8, 9, 2 digits make different 4-digit numbers in such a way that no digit is repeated in them.
2589, 2598, 2859, 2895, 2958, 2985
5289, 5298, 5829, 5892, 5928, 5982 8259, 8295, 8529, 8592, 8925, 8952 9258, 9285, 9528, 9582, 9825, 9852 Greatest number is 9852 Smallest number is 2589 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Place Value
As we know every digit in a number has a face value and place value. For example,
The expanded form of 258 = 200 + 50 + 8 The place value of 2 is 200 The place value of 5 is 50 The place value of 8 is 8 Face Value: Face value is the actual value of the digit in the number. The face value of a digit is the digit itself and it is definite and unchangeable. Place Value:The value represented by a digit in a number on the basis of its position in the number is called its place value. The value of a digit depends on its place value, or positional value, in the number. Value of the number is decided by the place value of the digit times its face value. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Place or positional value table
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